Over the past ten years, ca. US$ 5.6 billion has been spent on hazardous fuel reduction to treat an average of ca. 2.5 million acres per year across the United States. These expenditures represent one of the primary strategies for the mitigation of catastrophic wildland fire events. At the local scale, the placement and implementation of fuel reduction treatments is complex, involving trade-offs between environmental impacts, threatened and endangered species mitigation, funding, smoke management, parcel ownership, litigation, and weather conditions. Because of the cost and complexity involved, there is a need for implementing treatments in such a way that hazard mitigation, or other management objectives, are optimized.